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Jami' al-tawarikh
The ''Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh'', ((モンゴル語:Судрын чуулган, Sudar-yn Chuulgan); (アラビア語: جامع التواريخ ); (ペルシア語: جامعالتواریخ )), (''"Compendium of Chronicles"'') is a work of literature and history, produced in the Mongol Ilkhanate in Persia.〔Inal. p. 163.〕 Written by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318) at the start of the 14th century, the breadth of coverage of the work has caused it to be called "the first world history". It was in three volumes. The surviving portions total approximately 400 pages, with versions in Persian, Arabic, and Mongolian. The work describes cultures and major events in world history from China to Europe; in addition, it covers Mongol history, as a way of establishing their cultural legacy.〔Carey. p. 158; Allen. p. 121 for Mongol.〕
The lavish illustrations and calligraphy required the efforts of hundreds of scribes and artists, with the intent that two new copies (one in Persian, and one in Arabic) would be created each year and distributed to schools and cities around the Ilkhanate, in the Middle East, Central Asia, Asia Minor, and the Indian sub-continent. Approximately 20 illustrated copies were made of the work during Rashid al-Din's lifetime, but only a few portions remain, and the complete text has not survived. The oldest known copy is an Arabic version, of which half has been lost, but one set of pages is currently in the Khalili Collection, comprising 59 folios from the second volume of the work. Another set of pages, with 151 folios from the same volume, is owned by the Edinburgh University Library. Two Persian copies from the first generation of manuscripts survive in the Topkapi Palace Library in Istanbul. The early illustrated manuscripts together represent "one of the most important surviving examples of Ilkhanid art in any medium",〔''Compendium of Chronicles'', p. 9〕 and are the largest surviving body of early examples of the Persian miniature.
==The author==
(詳細はHamadan into a Jewish family. The son of an apothecary, he studied medicine and joined the court of the Il-Khan emperor Abaqa Khan in that capacity. He converted to Islam around the age of thirty. He rapidly gained political importance, and in 1304 became the vizir of emperor and Muslim convert Mahmud Ghazan. He retained his position until 1316, experiencing three successive reigns, but, convicted of having poisoned the second of these three Khans, Oljeitu, he was finally executed on July 13, 1318.
He was responsible for setting up a stable social and economic system in Iran after the destruction of the Mongol invasions, and was an important artistic and architectural patron. He expanded the university at Rab'-e Rashidi, which attracted scholars and students from Egypt and Syria to China, and which published his many works. He was also a prolific author, though few of his works have survived: only a few theological writings and a correspondence which is probably apocryphal are known today in addition to the ''Jami al-tawarikh''. His immense wealth made it said of him that he was the best paid author in Iran.
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